Gabapentin and dementia risk are drawing attention in new research. Clinicians commonly prescribe gabapentin for nerve pain and seizures, and older adults often take it. Researchers are now asking whether long-term use could play a role in cognitive decline.

One recent report highlights the growing concern around this issue. MedPage Today summarizes emerging research on gabapentin and cognitive decline, noting that investigators found higher odds of cognitive impairment and dementia among patients who took gabapentin than among those who did not.

Early research is also adding to the discussion. In one analysis, researchers reviewed patient data and found that people who used gabapentin appeared more likely to develop memory impairment or confusion over time. A preprint study published on medRxiv examines the association between gabapentin exposure and cognitive outcomes. Although researchers have not yet peer reviewed the study, the findings still raise important questions about how the medication may affect brain health.

Additional findings point in a similar direction. Researchers identified a possible connection between gabapentin exposure and a greater likelihood of cognitive decline, while also noting that future research must sort out whether the medication itself drives the risk or whether other patient factors explain the association. JAMA Network Open published research exploring neurological outcomes linked to gabapentin use.

Why does this matter in senior care communities? Clinicians often prescribe gabapentin to older adults for neuropathic pain, restless leg syndrome, and other off-label uses. Many residents stay on the medication for long periods of time. Some also take it along with other drugs that can affect cognition.

That does not mean clinicians should avoid gabapentin. In many cases, it relieves chronic pain and improves quality of life. Even so, the emerging research suggests that providers should watch for cognitive changes and reassess the need for continued therapy on a regular basis.

The bottom line is simple. Gabapentin may offer benefits, but clinicians should monitor it carefully in older adults. As researchers complete more studies, they will better understand whether gabapentin and dementia risk are truly connected.

Stay well and stay informed!