Calcium and vitamin D for fall prevention has long been a topic of discussion in senior living. Approximately one-third of adults over the age of 65 experience at least one fall each year. Falls remain the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in this population. As many as 85% of older adults develop a fear of falling after a previous fall. Consequently, this fear can reduce daily functioning. It also increases the risk of future falls. Falls are often associated with pain, functional impairment, and diminished quality of life. Therefore, preventing falls and fractures continues to be a global public health priority.

Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in maintaining healthy bones. They also support metabolism and normal body function. However, a recent systematic review published in The BMJ examined 69 clinical trials involving 15,902 participants. The researchers found that calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation had little to no effect on preventing falls or fractures. According to Medical Xpress, calcium or vitamin D alone did not significantly reduce any measured outcomes. Researchers also observed an unexpected trend. Calcium alone may be associated with an increased risk of hip fractures. However, additional research is needed to better understand that finding.

As reported by McKnight’s Long-Term Care News, the review reached one important conclusion. Combining calcium with vitamin D was the only intervention associated with a statistically significant reduction in fracture risk. Even so, no supplement regimen significantly reduced falls. These findings highlight the complexity of calcium and vitamin D for fall prevention. They also reinforce that supplements alone are not a complete fall prevention strategy.

Before requesting medication changes for residents, gather your medical provider, pharmacy consultant, and interdisciplinary care partners. Discuss these findings together. Some residents may benefit from continuing combination therapy. Others receiving a single supplement may benefit from adding the second agent. Likewise, some individuals may not require supplementation at all. As always, person-centered care should guide every decision. Balance the latest evidence with each resident’s unique health needs and risk factors.

Stay well and stay informed!